Contents Covered
1.  Number Base Systems
  • Binary
  • Octal
  • Hexadecimal
  • Denary
2.  Conversion Between Number Bases
  • Binary ⇄ Octal
  • Binary ⇄ Hexadecimal
  • Binary ⇄ Denary
  • Octal ⇄ Hexadecimal
  • Octal ⇄ Denary
  • Hexadecimal ⇄ Denary
3.  Addition & Subtraction in Various Bases
  • Binary Arithmetic
  • Octal Arithmetic
  • Hexadecimal Arithmetic
4.  Number Representation
  • Sign and Magnitude
  • 1’s Complement
  • 2’s Complement
5.  2’s Complement Arithmetic
  • Binary Subtraction Using 2’s Complement
  • Overflow Handling
6.  Internal Representation of Numbers
  • Fixed-Point Representation
  • Floating-Point Representation